ĪDHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with associated vitamin and mineral deficiency. Previous studies have shown that approximately 24.7% of children with ADHD received some form of complementary and alternative medicine. Due to this, many parents tend to seek “alternative” or “natural” therapies because of concerns about the side effects of medications. However, despite treatments and counseling, a substantial number of children with ADHD remain symptomatic. Medications have a significant effect on improving the symptoms of ADHD, and psychological counseling reinforces this effect. Moreover low birth weight, preterm delivery, contaminants such as organophosphates, polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, artificial dye ores and low socio-economic status of the family are also well known risk factors. In general, the risk factors for ADHD include smoking, alcohol and substance abuse and maternal stress during pregnancy. For example, a genetic factor related to dopaminergic genotypes exposed to environmental factors, such as maternal smoking before birth, increases the risk of ADHD in children. The exact cause of ADHD has not yet been identified, however, several environmental and genetic factors have been studied. In Iran, 5.03% of boys and 2.79% of girls of school age have been diagnosed with ADHD. Worldwide, 5 to 7% of school-age children have ADHD. Many of these symptoms persist from childhood and into adulthood, leading to a decreased quality of life. ADHD is commonly diagnosed in children with low academic and social development, learning disabilities, social dysfunction, low self-esteem, and impaired emotion regulation. The prevalence of ADHD has been increasing over the past decades. Trial registrationĪttention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity and is related to neurodevelopmental disorders. However, further well-designed studies with a larger sample size are needed. Vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) and magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) co-supplementation for a duration of 8-weeks could improve the behavioral function and mental health of children with ADHD. Also, children receiving vitamin D plus magnesium showed a significant reduction in emotional problems ( p = 0.001), conduct problems ( p = 0.002), peer problems ( p = 0.001), prosocial score ( p = 0.007), total difficulties ( p = 0.001), externalizing score ( p = 0.001), and internalizing score ( p = 0.001) compared with children treated with the placebo. ResultsĪfter eight weeks of intervention, the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and magnesium increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire was used to evaluate children’s mental health at baseline and the end of the study. Participants were randomly allocated to receive both vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) plus magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) supplements ( n = 33) or placebos (n = 33) for 8-weeks. We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 66 children with ADHD. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on mental health in children with ADHD. Studies have shown deficiencies in the serum level of magnesium and vitamin D in people with ADHD. Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity.
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